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for failure to comply with congressional subpoenas in contempt proceedings. Pelosi said there were a number of instances when Rove could have been cited for contempt. One that comes to my mind is the email controversy arising out of the hiring and firing practices in the Justice Department that eventually led to a spate of resignations, including Rove himself and Alberto Gonzalez. Pelosi also said she chose not to exercise that power because it would not be good for the country and would not serve the interests of the American people. Looks like she "wasn't kidding" after all.
Congress’s contempt power is the means by which Congress responds to certain acts that in its view obstruct the legislative process. Contempt may be used either to coerce compliance, punish the contemnor, and/or to remove the obstruction. Although arguably any action that directly obstructs the effort of Congress to exercise its constitutional powers may constitute a contempt, in recent times the contempt power has most often been employed in response to non-compliance with a duly issued congressional subpoena—whether in the form of a refusal to appear before a committee for purposes of providing testimony, or a refusal to produce requested documents.
Congress has three formal methods by which it can combat non-compliance with a duly issued subpoena. Each of these methods invokes the authority of a separate branch of government. First, the long dormant inherent contempt power permits Congress to rely on its own constitutional authority to detain and imprison a contemnor until the individual complies with congressional demands.....
Read more here:
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL34097.pdf